行政沿革Administrative Evolution

宁德，俗称闽东，先秦时期为闽越族驻地，晋太康三年(282年)置温麻县，唐武德六年(623年)改长溪县，元至元二十三年(1286年)升为福宁州，清雍正十二年(1734年)升为福宁府，1913年废府属东路道(1914年改称闽海道)，民国期间先后设第二、第一、第八、第一行政督察区。1949年9月设立第三行政督察专员公署，专署驻福安，1950年改称福安专区专员公署，1970年7月专署迁驻宁德，1971年6月改称宁德地区。1999年11月14日经国务院批准撤地设市，成立宁德市人民政府,2000年11月14日正式挂牌。

Ningde, commonly known as Mindong, was the residence of Minyue people in the pre Qin period. Wenma county was established in the third year of Taikang (282), Changxi County in the sixth year of Wude (623), Funing Prefecture in the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), Funing Prefecture in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), dongludao (renamed minhaidao in 1914) in 1913, and the second, first, eighth and first administrative supervision districts were established successively during the period of the Republic of China 。 In September 1949, the third office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was set up, with its special office in Fu'an. In 1950, it was renamed the office of the Commissioner of Fu'an district. In July 1970, it was relocated to Ningde, and in June 1971, it was renamed Ningde district. On November 14, 1999, with the approval of the State Council, Ningde Municipal People's government was established and officially listed on November 14, 2000.

位 置Location

位于福建省东北部，介于东经118°32′～120°43′、北纬26°18′～27°40′之间，东临东海，南接福州，西连南平，北与浙江省温州市接壤。

It is located in the northeast of Fujian Province, between 118 ° 32 ′～ 120 ° 43 ′ E and 26 ° 18 ′～ 27 ° 40 ′ n, adjacent to the East China Sea in the East, Fuzhou in the south, Nanping in the West and Wenzhou City in Zhejiang Province in the north.

地 形Topography

全市土地面积13452平方公里，其中以山地、丘陵为主，沿海有面积不大的海积、冲积平原。地势西、北部高，东、南部低，中部隆起，大致呈“门”型的梯状地势。

The land area of the whole city is 13452 square kilometers, of which mountains and hills are the main ones. There are small marine and alluvial plains along the coast. The terrain is high in the West and North, low in the East and south, and uplifted in the middle.

海 域Sea area

闽东海阔港深。海岸线长度1046公里，居全省各设区市之首；海域面积4.46万平方公里，浅海滩涂面积9.34万公顷，可供作业的海域面积是境内陆地面积的3.3倍。区域内有岛、礁、沙、滩、岬角、水道、河口共1215个，大小港湾29个，其中三都澳深水岸线长度居全省港口之首。

East Fujian has a wide sea and a deep harbor. The coastline is 1046 km long, ranking the first among all the cities in the province. The sea area is 44600 square kilometers, and the shallow beach area is 93400 hectares. The sea area available for operation is 3.3 times of the land area in the province. There are 1215 islands, reefs, sands, beaches, headlands, waterways and estuaries in the area, and 29 harbors and bays, of which the length of sandu'ao deep water coastline ranks first in the province.

旅 游Travel

闽东群山怀抱，面向大海，山川俊秀，海域辽阔，岛屿星列，特产丰美，融“山海川岛湖林洞”为一体的旅游资源十分丰富。由“亲水天堂”白水洋、“海上仙都”太姥山、“名山奇峡”白云山三大景区组成的“宁德世界地质公园”，被联合国教科文组织正式列入世界地质公园网络名录，成为福建省第2个世界地质公园。境内屏南白水洋鸳鸯溪、福鼎太姥山先后荣膺5A级景区；周宁九龙漈鲤鱼溪景区、福安白云山分别成功创建4A级景区。还有“海上天湖”三都澳、“中国最美滩涂”的霞浦滩涂、日本高僧空海大师入唐求法登陆地霞浦赤岸、弛名东南亚与妈祖庙同享盛誉的古田临水宫、“中国最美的十大海岛”之一福鼎嵛山岛、宁德支提山国家级森林公园等著名景区。“闽东北亲水游”线路被评选为“CCTV全国完美假期十佳线路”之一。

East Fujian is surrounded by mountains and facing the sea. It has beautiful mountains and rivers, vast sea area, star array of islands and rich specialties. It is rich in tourism resources integrating "mountains, rivers, islands, lakes, forests and caves". Ningde World Geopark, which is composed of Baishuiyang, a hydrophilic paradise, Taimu mountain, a fairyland on the sea, and Baiyun Mountain, a famous mountain and Qixia, has been officially listed in the World Geopark network list by UNESCO, becoming the Second World Geopark in Fujian Province. Yuanyang River in Baishuiyang, Pingnan, and Taimu mountain in Fuding have been awarded 5A scenic spots; Liyu River scenic spot in Jiulong, Zhouning, and Baiyun Mountain in Fu'an have successfully established 4A scenic spots. Other famous scenic spots include sandu'ao, the "Sky Lake on the sea", Xiapu beach, one of the most beautiful beaches in China, Xiapu Chian, the landing place of Japanese monk Konghai in Tang Dynasty, Gutian Linshui palace, which enjoys a high reputation with Mazu temple in Southeast Asia, Fuding Yushan Island, one of the ten most beautiful islands in China, and Ningde Zhiti Mountain National Forest Park. The route of "water tour in the East and north of Fujian" was selected as one of the "ten best routes of CCTV national perfect holiday".

河 流Rivers

境内河流多呈西北-东南走向，形成独流诸河，较大的河流24条。其中，最大的交溪和霍童溪两条水系的干流及其10条较大的支流，占全市流域总面积的65.5%。地下水资源约占水资源总量的14%左右。水能资源理论蓄存量191.64万千瓦，可开发利用装机容量131.09万千瓦，占蓄存量的68.87%。

Most of the rivers in the territory are northwest southeast trending, forming independent rivers, with 24 larger rivers. Among them, Jiaoxi and huotongxi, the two largest river systems, and their 10 larger tributaries, account for 65.5% of the total drainage area of the city. Groundwater resources account for about 14% of the total water resources. The theoretical storage capacity of water energy resources is 1916400 kW, and the exploitable installed capacity is 1310900 kW, accounting for 68.87% of the storage capacity.

矿 藏Mineral deposits

非金属矿比较丰富，金属矿次之，能源矿产贫乏。已发现矿产资源数51种，已探明一定储量的有18种，主要矿种有银、铅、锌、钨、钼、铜、高岭土、叶腊石、伊利石、钾长岩、饰面用花岗石、矿泉水等。

There are abundant non-metallic minerals, followed by metallic minerals and poor energy minerals. 51 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered, and 18 kinds have been proved to have certain reserves. The main minerals are silver, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, kaolin, pyrophyllite, illite, potash feldspar, granite for decoration, mineral water, etc.

气 候Climate

宁德地处东南沿海，属中亚热带海洋性季风气候。具有山地气候、盆谷地气候等多种气候特点，春夏雨热同期，秋冬光温互利，光能充足，热量丰富，雨水充沛，四季分明，海洋性季风气候显著，沿海和内陆温差悬殊，气候类型呈多样性，灾害性气候频繁。2019年年平均气温16.0℃～20.7℃，年降雨量1193.7～2018.8毫米，年日照时数1401.6～1707.2小时。

Ningde is located in the southeast coast, belongs to the subtropical marine monsoon climate. It has a variety of climate characteristics, such as mountain climate, basin and valley climate. It has the same period of rain and heat in spring and summer, mutual benefit of light and temperature in autumn and winter, sufficient light energy, abundant heat, abundant rain, four distinct seasons, significant marine monsoon climate, wide temperature difference between coastal and inland, diverse climate types and frequent disastrous climate. In 2019, the annual average temperature is 16.0 ℃ ~ 20.7 ℃, the annual rainfall is 1193.7 ~ 2018.8 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1401.6 ~ 1707.2 hours.

环境质量Environmental Quality

全市生态环境质量保持优良水平。2019年中心城区空气质量优良天数（达标天数）比例98.4%。饮用水水源地水质达标率100%；交溪、霍童溪、古田溪、闽江段、敖江双口渡水质状况良好，功能达标率为100%。城市区域环境噪声均值为53.7分贝，城市道路交通噪声均值为67.4分贝，质量级别均为较好。

The ecological environment quality of the whole city has maintained a good level. In 2019, the proportion of days with good air quality (days reaching the standard) in the central urban area will be 98.4%. The water quality of drinking water source areas reached the standard rate of 100%; the water quality of Jiaoxi, huotongxi, Gutianxi, Minjiang River section and Aojiang shuangkoudu was in good condition, and the functional standard rate was 100%. The average environmental noise of urban area is 53.7 dB, and the average traffic noise of urban road is 67.4 dB. The quality level is good.

民族语言Language

闽东是个多民族聚居的地方，除汉族外，有畲、回、壮等28个少数民族，其中畲族人口占92.5%，是全国畲族人口最为集中的地区。闽东各地方言均属以福州话为代表的闽东方言系统。

East Fujian is a place where many nationalities live together. Besides the Han nationality, there are 28 ethnic minorities such as she, Hui and Zhuang. Among them, the population of She nationality accounts for 92.5%, which is the most concentrated area in China. All dialects in eastern Fujian belong to the eastern Fujian dialect system represented by Fuzhou dialect.

特 产Specialty

闽东素有“天然鱼仓”之称。海域有水产资源600多种，其中鱼类500多种，虾类、蟹类60多种，贝类70多种，藻类10多种。其中较为珍贵的如官井洋大黄鱼、东吾洋对虾、二都蚶、沙塘剑蛏、沙江牡蛎等闻名海内外。闽东是中国重点产茶区之一，是中国产量最多、品种最全的重要食用菌产地。水果种类繁多，盛产四季柚、油柰、板栗、芙蓉李、水蜜桃和晚熟荔枝、龙眼等。

East Fujian is known as "natural fish warehouse". There are more than 600 kinds of aquatic resources in the sea area, including 500 kinds of fish, 60 kinds of shrimps and crabs, 70 kinds of shellfish and 10 kinds of algae. Among them, the more precious ones, such as Guanjingyang Pseudosciaena crocea, Dongwuyang prawn, Erdu clam, Shatang razor clam, Shajiang oyster, are famous at home and abroad. Mindong is one of the key tea producing areas in China. It is an important edible fungus producing area with the largest production and the most complete varieties in China. There are many kinds of fruits, such as Siji pomelo, Younai, chestnut, Furong plum, honey peach, late ripening litchi and longan.